We live in a time when information travels faster than reflection. In the Philippines, where social media is the primary source of news, information, and entertainment for most people, falsehoods can spread like wildfire before they can be verified and countered. The threats of misinformation, disinformation, manipulated narratives, and outright fake news are not abstract dangers; they are shaping elections, distorting public health debates, and undermining trust in institutions. To navigate this environment, we must equip Filipino consumers with not just access to information — but the ability to question it and hold it against the light.

First, we must encourage the habit of asking, “Who benefits from this message? Sino ang makikinabang sa post na ito?” It is a simple question, yet profoundly revealing. Behind every emotionally charged post, viral meme or post, or provocative video lies an agenda — be it political, commercial, or ideological. Teaching people to pause and interrogate the motivations behind content helps them shift from passive receivers to active analyzers of information.

Second, media literacy must begin as early as possible in in classrooms. However, it must also go beyond the four walls of the classroom: It must also be done in grassroot communities and in informal gatherings that most Filipinos go to. Barangays, churches, and civic groups can all play a role in helping citizens distinguish credible news from manipulative noise. Training people — especially the youth — in basic techniques such as checking sources, cross-referencing headlines, and recognizing emotionally manipulative language can go a long way in building a more informed, more duly diligent citizenry that thinks critically of the things that they see.

We also need to challenge the weight we now give to virality and popularity on social media. Just because something is widely shared does not mean it is true. And just because a popular influencer says it to be true does not immediately mean that it is true. Filipinos must be reminded that popularity is not the same as credibility. This shift in mindset can be supported by public campaigns that celebrate discernment over digital popularity. Essentially, making people become “responsible sharers” rather than impulsive, reactive ones will be crucial.

Restoring trust in institutions of truth is also essential. Many Filipinos have grown skeptical of journalistic/media outlets, universities, and even scientific bodies. These institutions must double down on transparency, explain how information is thoroughly verified before publication, and be quick to correct errors. Trust is not owed; it is earned. And regaining that trust is crucial if we are to re-establish a shared foundation of facts.

Finally, critical thinking thrives in environments where respectful disagreement is not just allowed, but encouraged. Filipino digital spaces have become increasingly polarized and have become echo-chambers, often punishing dissent or nuance. By promoting civic dialogue and modeling civil discourse — especially online — we create the conditions where people feel safe to question, explore, and ultimately, think for themselves.

In an age where information is weaponized and truth is contested, critical thinking is our first line of defense. It is time we made it a national priority — not just in our education systems, but in our daily conversations, our communities, and our culture.